What is Chiari Malformation Surgery?
Chiari malformation surgery is performed to relieve pressure on the brain and spinal cord caused by a structural defect where brain tissue extends into the spinal canal. This condition, known as Chiari malformation, can disrupt normal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow and compress neural structures, leading to various neurological symptoms. Surgery is typically recommended when symptoms become severe or progressive.
When is Chiari Malformation Surgery Recommended?
Surgery may be advised in the following situations:
- Persistent headaches or neck pain
- Difficulty with balance or coordination
- Numbness or tingling in the limbs
- Swallowing or breathing problems
- Progressive neurological deficits
- Syringomyelia (fluid-filled cyst in the spinal cord)
How is Chiari Malformation Surgery Performed?
The most common procedure is posterior fossa decompression. During this surgery, the surgeon removes a small section of bone at the back of the skull (and sometimes part of the upper cervical vertebrae) to create more space for the brain and restore normal CSF flow. In some cases, the dura (the brain's protective covering) is opened and a patch is added to provide additional room.
Recovery after Chiari Malformation Surgery
Recovery typically involves a hospital stay of 2–4 days, with several weeks of at-home rest. Patients may experience fatigue, neck stiffness, and headaches during early recovery. Gradual return to normal activities is expected over 4–6 weeks, and physical therapy may be recommended to aid rehabilitation.
Risks of Chiari Malformation Surgery
As with any brain or spine surgery, risks include:
- Infection
- Cerebrospinal fluid leak
- Bleeding
- Nerve injury
- Incomplete symptom relief
Benefits of Chiari Malformation Surgery
When successful, surgery can offer:
- Reduction in headache and neck pain
- Improved balance and coordination
- Better swallowing and breathing
- Halted progression of neurological symptoms
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